通用航空在区域经济一体化和发展中的重要作用_北京商务航空协会 CNBAA.org Beijing Business Aviation Association

前言

《通用航空助飞“一带一路”》最初完稿于2016年2月，旨在为中国投资协会项目投融资专业委员会出版《中国企业“走出去”暨“一带一路”指南》提供支持。本文凝聚了德事隆航空中国的心血，旨在探讨在“一带一路”战略实施背景下，通用航空对于区域整合与发展战略计划的重要意义。自本文发布至今，通用航空行业已获得多项进展。

2015年年底出台的中国“十三五”发展规划特别将通用航空纳入推动经济增长的要素，2016年11月，国家发展和改革委员会发布《关于做好通用航空示范推广有关工作的通知》，鼓励投资通用航空，树立通用航空在交通运输、旅游和体育发展中的重要角色，拓展了通用航空的服务领域。

今年5月，“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛在北京举行，数位国家元首、外交使者、各界重要人士与行业领袖纷纷出席。峰会期间，德事隆航空有幸参与了中国航空工业集团举办的“一带一路”通用航空产业国际论坛。

事实表明，中国乃至亚洲地区越来越认识到通用航空对经济增长的重要性。德事隆航空期待继续与各界合作，为政府与行业提供支持，创造更多机会让我们的飞机、专业技术与值得信赖的服务惠及更多人。

通用航空助飞“一带一路”

通用航空在区域经济一体化和发展中的重要作用

William Schultz

德事隆航空中国业务发展高级副总裁

通用航空与“一带一路”

“一带一路”战略计划是一项跨国运输发展倡议，旨在进一步促进欧亚大陆60个国家经济一体化。该计划背后的考量是：改善这些不同经济体之间的交通联系不仅将促进金融与产业合作，实现在广阔的全球经济领域内更多贸易和包容性增长，同时也将带动基础设施建设和自然资源开发。

铁路和海上交通常被视为“一带一路”的关键运输方式。而通用航空（即除公共运输航空之外的民用航空活动），作为创造与促进人际、商贸和经济体之间联系最快速、经济的运输方式之一，却在很大程度上被忽视了。“一带一路”沿线横跨世界上最高的山脉、最广袤的沙漠、壮观的热带雨林以及广阔海洋上数不清的岛屿。在上个世纪，特别是在第二次世界大战之后的几十年里，航空客运和货运已成为驱动经济发展的先导力量，尤其是在偏远地区。

虽然通用航空更多地被认为是飞行爱好者和富豪们的“游乐场”，但它的经济价值不管在发达国家还是在发展中国家均已经得到证实。在德事隆航空总部所在的美国，通用航空每年对经济的贡献超过2000亿美元，人均接近350美元。那些通用航空人均GDP贡献最高的州，通常分布在人口稀少且交通运输方式受限于土地面积和地形因素的地区。例如，最近一项研究表明，美国三个面积最大、地形最复杂的州——阿拉斯加州、亚利桑那州和北达科他州，通用航空贡献的人均GDP分别约为915美元、578美元和547美元，而这三个州的地理、地貌与“一带一路”所涉及的地区非常相似。

另一个典型的例子是在公路和铁路交通都比较落后的非洲大陆。通用航空提供了一条重要的生命线，并通过这些“细细”的“连接”线将整个经济联系到了一起。

在“一带一路”所涉及的国家及地区中，有着很多如同加拿大与肯尼亚这样个体差异很大的国家，然而无一例外的是，通用航空在商务旅行、航空物流、促进人际交流以及发展当地旅游经济中，均发挥着重要作用。

商务旅行

世界各地的商旅人士都知道乘坐民航航班的不便以及商务航空的优势。企业高管和全球企业家都了解，私人喷气飞机和涡桨商务飞机的价值不仅仅体现在舒适性和便利性两个方面。伴随着公共运输航空长足发展而来的问题是，定期民航服务所覆盖的范围却是越来越小了，有很多机场没有通航或者通航的航班数量很少。私人喷气飞机和涡桨商务飞机填补了这个巨大而重要的市场缺口，将掌握关键技术与管理技能的人员快速送达所需的地点。不过经常被忽视的还有“创业”这一因素：当企业家能够方便前往偏远地区时，该地区的经济前景通常将会改善，因为企业家们会带来商业和投资，而商务航空为企业家提供了便捷的出入之门。

改善商业配套基础设施将加速经济发展。据业内人士分析，截至2016年年末，大中华区公务机的机队数量为466架。上述数字预计将持续增长。从2012年到2032年，中国私人喷气飞机的拥有量预计将增长7倍，并于2032年占据全球商务机市场近10%的份额。为应对不断增长的需求，德事隆航空最近推出了全新奖状纬度中型商务机。奖状纬度完美平衡了客户对于舒适性和高效性的需求，是第一款将平直地板、直立客舱、中型商务机的售价以及同级最低的运营成本集于一身的商务机。

随着中国及周边地区的企业家意识到商务航空的价值，从昆明到仰光、从乌鲁木齐到阿斯塔纳、从上海到莫斯科，致力于构筑“一带一路”的政商领袖的私人飞机将会展翅翱翔于蓝天之上。

航空物流

生意谈妥之后，物资和产品将开始在“一带一路”沿线流通。通常这将包括往来于偏远地区的小宗货物，而这些货物可能并一定不适合由大型民航货机来承运，于是通用航空发挥作用的时刻到了！小型结实的通用飞机可以轻松到达偏远地区，起降于非铺装道面的跑道之上。水上飞机甚至根本不需要跑道，可以直接降落于水上。

这些小型货运飞机对于连接主要的航空货运枢纽是必不可少的，并有助于重要货物如食品、文件、药品和医疗设备以及贵重电子元件的快速转运。例如，德事隆航空的多用途飞机——赛斯纳大篷车除了可用于客运，也可作为专用的货机开展货运业务。目前，联邦快递公司有多架赛斯纳大篷车飞机用于短途航空货运业务。

这些飞机不仅能运输生活必需品，而且还可以帮助提升生活品质。鉴于目前发展中国家电子商务的飞速发展和中产阶级消费者的崛起，通用航空将能大大满足人们对网购商品快速到货的期望。

航空旅游

旅游业是“一带一路”的另一个重要组成部分，这将有助于通用航空产业的发展，并产生积极的经济影响，特别是在沿线一些最不发达的地区。2015年，超过1.16亿的中国人选择出国旅行，而且他们也在不断寻找新的出行选择。

除了最后100公里以内的路程，大多数旅行者选装搭乘民航班机到达度假目的地，而通常这最后的一段旅程才是真正美丽开始的地方并能为旅行者带来非比寻常的旅游体验。无论是通过水上飞机在马尔代夫作岛际飞行或是飞往加拿大荒野的渔猎场所，还是乘坐直升机游览美国大峡谷或观赏塞伦盖蒂平原的野生动物，不可否认小型飞机在观光旅游中发挥的巨大作用。偏远地区将为全球游客提供最具地方特色且神奇的旅行选择，而借助小型飞机可以将更多的人送达这些目的地。

此外，许多旅行者渴望去一些新奇的地方，但如果在交通上花费了太多宝贵假期，到达这些目的地的愿望就变得难以实现。德事隆航空的大篷车水陆两栖飞机将给用户带来户外探险的最佳体验。赛斯纳大篷车飞机还配备了地形提示和警告系统（TAWS），作为飞越崎岖地形或障碍时的额外安全防范措施。在不久的将来，随着更多通航机场的建设和通航飞机的引进，曾经需要耗时半天的公交车程将变为30分钟的快速飞行，并成为旅行者终身难忘的记忆，而这也将增加当地旅馆、餐馆、店铺的额外收入。

如何实现

预计到2025年，新兴市场GDP将占全球一半以上，而中国将成为世界上最大的经济体。通用航空将成为这一增长的重要组成部分。中国民用航空局（CAAC）此前发布了在全国建设1600个全新通用航空机场的计划，据其预测，在未来20年内，中国通用航空市场将会达到与美国相同的体量。目前在全国有超过100个通用航空产业园正在建设或即将开工。据估计，如果中国2800个县都建有一个通用航空机场，那么将创造2800亿元（450亿美元）的经济价值。

增加更多的飞机、机场和飞行员，将为中国及邻近国家创造成倍的经济机会。随着连接中国与欧亚大陆之间人员、贸易和产业的通用航空、铁路和海事等基础设施的建设与发展，“一带一路”沿线国家和地区将有可能从中获益最多。

关于德事隆航空

德事隆航空是通用航空业界权威，旗下拥有比奇、赛斯纳和豪客三大领先品牌，产品在全球现役通用航空飞机中占据半数以上。90多年来，作为业内创新、性能和领袖的代表，德事隆航空旗下品牌通过打造全方位的飞机拥有体验为客户提供独一无二的价值主张。德事隆航空把握市场脉象，及时开发新品的敏锐度，成就了公司业内最丰富的商务与通用航空产品组合，五个主要业务领域包括喷气商务机、通用航空和特殊任务涡桨飞机、高性能活塞飞机、军用教练和战斗机，以及完善的全球客户服务体系。德事隆航空已向全球超过143个国家交付25万多架飞机。公司丰富的产品线包括畅销全球的奖状系列商务机、空中国王和大篷车涡桨飞机，以及T-6军用教练机。独步行业的全球服务网络

The Sky Above One Belt, One Road

General Aviation’s Critical Role in Regional Economic Integration and Development

Mr. William Schultz

SVP, Business Development, China

Textron Aviation

Forward

The Sky Above One Belt One Road was originally written in February 2016, it was a contribution to a service guide on ‘Going Global’ and ‘One Belt One Road’ from the China Investment Association’s Project Investment and Financing Committee. This paper was an effort by Textron Aviation in China to describe the value of general aviation to the grand strategic plan for regional integration and development under OBOR. Since then, a lot of progress has been made.

China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, launched at the end of 2015, prominently includes general aviation as a contributor to economic growth. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) released a Notice on Promoting General Aviation Pilot Projects in November 2016, encouraging investment in general aviation, consolidating its role for transportation, tourism and sports, and expanding other general aviation applications.

And in May of this year, the Belt & Road Summit was hosted in Beijing, attended by heads of state, diplomats, dignitaries and business leaders. During the Summit, Textron Aviation had the honor to participate in a forum about general aviation and the Belt & Road hosted by AVIC.

It is clear that confidence and understanding in general aviation’s contribution to economic growth is steadily growing in China and across the Asia region. Textron Aviation looks forward to continuing to be a partner of choice, supporting government and businesses to connect people and opportunities with our aircraft, expertise and reliable service.

The Sky Above One Belt, One Road

General Aviation’s Critical Role in Regional Economic Integration and Development

by William Schultz

General Aviation and the OBOR

The introduction of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) strategic plan is a multinational transportation development initiative designed to further integrate the economies of 60 nations across the Eurasian continent. The thinking behind the plan is that increased and modern transportation links between and among these diverse economies will promote the building of infrastructure and development of natural resources. Not to mention, the financial and industrial cooperation needed to achieve more trade and inclusive growth across a vast swath of the global economy.

While rail and maritime communications are often cited as the key connectors of OBOR, general aviation (i.e. civil aviation other than commercial airlines) is largely overlooked as one of the most rapid economical ways to create and foster this connectivity among people, business, and economies. The OBOR stretches across some of world’s highest mountain ranges and largest deserts, as well as through magnificent rainforests and innumerous islands in the area’s oceans and seas. For the last century, and particularly in the decades following the Second World War, air transportation of people and cargo over challenging terrain has been a precursor of economic development, especially in remote areas.

While general aviation is often dismissed as little more than the province of hobbyists and millionaires, it has proven its value in both developed and developing economies. In Textron Aviation’s home market, the United States, general aviation contributes to more than $200 billion per annum to the US economy; nearly $350 on average per capita. Some of the highest GDP per capita impact by general aviation is among sparsely populated states with limited transportation options because of size and terrain. For example, Alaska, Arizona and North Dakota, three of America’s most expansive and challenging geographies and those physically most similar to the OBOR territories, have approximately $915, $578 and $547 GDP per capita impact respectively according to a recent study.

The African continent, where road and rail links are comparatively underdeveloped, is another useful example. General aviation provides an essential lifeline, as well as the bare threads of connectivity holding entire economies together.

As with countries as varied as Canada and Kenya, across the OBOR, general aviation can play a major role in the transport of business people and cargo, as well as the growth of people-to-people contact and the development of local economies through tourism.

Business Transportation

Business travellers around the world know the challenges of flying commercial airlines and the benefits of general aviation. Corporate executives and global entrepreneurs know that the value of private jets and turboprop airplanes goes far beyond comfort and convenience. Significant advances and growth in commercial aviation has been accompanied by tighter and tighter channeling of commercial air service, leaving significant numbers of airports either underserved or unnerved by commercial service. Private jets and turboprops fill a large and critical gap, enabling the rapid movement of key technical and management personnel to wherever they are needed. Often overlooked, however, is the entrepreneur factor: when a remote area becomes accessible to business leaders, its economic prospects rise because it becomes accessible to those who can actually bring commerce and capital to those regions.

Supporting the infrastructure that supports corporations and entrepreneurs accelerates business. According to industry analysts there are 466 business jets in Greater China by the end of 2016. The number is expected to grow. Private jet ownership in China is forecasted to increase sevenfold from 2012 to 2032, and the market is expected to account for nearly 10 percent of the worldwide business jet in 2032. In response to growing demand, Textron Aviation launched the Citation Latitude business jet in 2015. The Citation Latitude represents the perfect balance of comfort and efficiency and is the first business jet to combine a roomy, flat floor, stand-up cabin, with a midsize price and best-in-class operating costs. The Latitude was the best selling midsize jet worldwide in 2016.

As Chinese and regional business leaders discover the value of private business travel, the skies from Kunming to Yangon, Urumqi to Astana, and Shanghai to Moscow will be filled with the jets of powerbrokers and dealmakers building the OBOR.

Flying Cargo Caravans

After the deals are made, the supplies and products will start flowing across the OBOR. Very often this will include items traveling to and from remote destinations and large commercial freight transport will not always be an option. This is when the packhorses of general aviation come into play. Small, durable aircraft can reach remote areas with unfinished airstrips, or even no airstrips at all, if they land on water.

These small cargo aircrafts are essential for connecting to main air cargo centers and facilitate the rapid transportation of mission critical items such as food, documents, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, and valuable electronic components. For example, ideal for cargo missions, Textron Aviation’s versatile Cessna Grand Caravan is outfitted with an interior that can accommodate both passengers or be further customized for cargo space. Currently, FedEx utilizes a fleet of the Cessna Grand Caravan for pick-up and deliveries.

And, these aircraft do not only supply the necessities, but the creature comforts as well. Given the explosion of e-commerce and the rise of middle-class consumers across developing markets, general aviation will respond to people’s expectations for rapid delivery of online purchases.

Sky Tourism

Tourism is another important sector along the OBOR that will benefit with the growth of the general aviation industry and in turn will have a positive economic impact, especially in some of the region’s least developed areas. Over 120 million Chinese travelled outside the country last year, and they are continually looking for new options.

Most travellers fly commercially to their vacation destination, except for maybe the last 100 kilometers or less, where the truly beautiful destinations and extraordinary experiences lie waiting. Whether using a floatplane for island hopping in the Maldives and flying to scenic fishing and hunting locations in the Canadian wilderness, or viewing the Grand Canyon or the wildlife of the Serengeti Plain in a helicopter, there is no denying the incredible contribution of small aircraft to sightseeing and tourism. By bringing more people to more far-off and far-flung destinations remote communities, specialized aircrafts will be able to provide local color and amazing travel options to global tourists.

In addition, many travellers yearn to go ‘off the beaten path’, but when those travel options eat up precious vacation days those destinations are unrealized opportunities. To do so, the Textron Aviation available fleet offers the ultimate in outdoor exploration with the Caravan amphibian, adapted with Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) to increase safety precautions when flying over rough terrain or obstacles. In the near future, with the introduction of more local airports and aircraft, what was once a half a day on a bus can become a 30-minute flight and a life-long memory for a traveller, as well as additional income to local inns, restaurants and shops at the destination.

How We’ll Get There

It is forecasted that by 2025, emerging markets will capture just over half of world GDP, and China will become the largest economy in the world. General aviation is a critical part of this growth. The Civil Aviation Authority of China (CAAC) projects that in 20 years, the Chinese market will reach the same status as the United States and recently outlined plans to build 1,600 new general aviation airports across the country. More than 100 general aviation industrial parks are under construction or will soon begin construction across the country. It is estimated that 280 billion Yuan ($US45 billion) would be generated if all 2,800 Chinese counties had a general aviation aerodrome.

The addition of more aircraft, airports, and pilots will exponentially create economic opportunity domestically across China but also among neighboring nations. The nations and communities along the OBOR will potentially gain the most as the general aviation industry combines with rail and maritime infrastructure development to connect people, businesses, and industry across China and the Eurasian continent.

About Textron Aviation Inc.

Textron Aviation Inc. is the leading general aviation authority and home to the Beechcraft, Cessna and Hawker brands, which account for more than half of all general aviation aircraft flying. For more than 90 years, the Textron Aviation brands have represented unrivaled innovation, performance and leadership in the industry, offering an unmatched value proposition rooted in the total ownership experience. Leveraging unparalleled speed-to-market, Textron Aviation provides the most versatile and comprehensive business and general aviation product portfolio in the world through five principal lines of business: business jets, general aviation and special mission turboprop aircraft, high performance piston aircraft, military trainer and defense aircraft and a complete global customer service organization. Textron Aviation has delivered more than 250,000 aircraft in over 143 countries. Its broad range of products include such best-selling aircraft as Citation business jets, King Air and Caravan turboprops and T-6 military trainer aircraft, all of which are backed by the industry’s most capable global service network. For more information, visit txtav.com.